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Characterization of Local Oxygen Saturation in Healthy Controls: Relationships with Sex, Age, Race, Refractive Error, and Blood Pressure.
Published 2023 by Kelly Bisignano
Co-Author(s): Jennyffer Smith, Wendy Harrison
Program Number: 235218
Article Type: Scientific Program
Board: 204
PURPOSE:
Local retinal oxygen saturation is a new research technique which has potential as a biomarker for diseases such as diabetes. Understanding natural variations with this measure is an important first step to quantifying pathological differences compared to controls in future studies. The purpose of this study is to characterize the relationship between age, race, refractive error, sex, and blood pressure to retinal oxygen saturation in healthy controls.
METHOD:
47 healthy subjects aged 22-64 (mean 35 ± 13 years) participated in this study, including 22 men and 25 women. There were 9 Black, 12 Asian, 17 White, and 9 subjects who did not identify into the other 3 racial groups. All were confirmed to have an HbA1c under 5.7% (Siemens analyzer) with no diabetes or other eye diseases. Local retinal oxygen saturation was taken with the Zilia Oximeter (Quebec, Canada) in 4 locations around the macula 3.1 degrees from the fovea (superior temporal, superior nasal, inferior temporal and inferior nasal) and also averaged. Blood pressure and refractive error were noted. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between oxygen saturation and other demographic and health factors. T-tests were used with corrections for multiple comparisons to evaluate regions.
RESULTS:
There were significant variations in oximetry measures by race, with higher levels of pigmentation associated with lower oximetry values on average (p<0.005). There was no relationship between oxygen saturation and age (p=0.60), sex (p=0.53), refractive error (p=0.87), nor blood pressure (p=0.30). Significant nasal-temporal variations in oxygen saturation measures showed higher nasal values compared to temporal values (P<0.005) in regions around the macula.
CONCLUSION:
This study revealed strong differences across races in oxygen saturation measures using the Zilia Oximeter. We think this is likely a result of various fundus pigmentation effects on the measurement technique of the instrument rather than a true difference. This is important as a large and racially varied control group will be needed for future studies using this device. We also noted differences in oxygen saturation by retinal location likely due to the proximity to larger vessels nasally. No differences in sex, age, refractive error nor blood pressure were observed to alter local oxygen saturation in control participants. This study will inform our future work in different disease states and is an important first step in evaluating this technology.
PURPOSE:
Local retinal oxygen saturation is a new research technique which has potential as a biomarker for diseases such as diabetes. Understanding natural variations with this measure is an important first step to quantifying pathological differences compared to controls in future studies. The purpose of this study is to characterize the relationship between age, race, refractive error, sex, and blood pressure to retinal oxygen saturation in healthy controls.
METHOD:
47 healthy subjects aged 22-64 (mean 35 ± 13 years) participated in this study, including 22 men and 25 women. There were 9 Black, 12 Asian, 17 White, and 9 subjects who did not identify into the other 3 racial groups. All were confirmed to have an HbA1c under 5.7% (Siemens analyzer) with no diabetes or other eye diseases. Local retinal oxygen saturation was taken with the Zilia Oximeter (Quebec, Canada) in 4 locations around the macula 3.1 degrees from the fovea (superior temporal, superior nasal, inferior temporal and inferior nasal) and also averaged. Blood pressure and refractive error were noted. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between oxygen saturation and other demographic and health factors. T-tests were used with corrections for multiple comparisons to evaluate regions.
RESULTS:
There were significant variations in oximetry measures by race, with higher levels of pigmentation associated with lower oximetry values on average (p<0.005). There was no relationship between oxygen saturation and age (p=0.60), sex (p=0.53), refractive error (p=0.87), nor blood pressure (p=0.30). Significant nasal-temporal variations in oxygen saturation measures showed higher nasal values compared to temporal values (P<0.005) in regions around the macula.
CONCLUSION:
This study revealed strong differences across races in oxygen saturation measures using the Zilia Oximeter. We think this is likely a result of various fundus pigmentation effects on the measurement technique of the instrument rather than a true difference. This is important as a large and racially varied control group will be needed for future studies using this device. We also noted differences in oxygen saturation by retinal location likely due to the proximity to larger vessels nasally. No differences in sex, age, refractive error nor blood pressure were observed to alter local oxygen saturation in control participants. This study will inform our future work in different disease states and is an important first step in evaluating this technology.
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